Integrating Safety I & Safety II Frameworks with Systems Thinking for Risk Management & Harm Mitigation
These are the materials from my presentation at the 49th Association for Experiential Education (AEE) conference.
Effective risk management requires understanding what went wrong when an incident occurs (the Safety I framework) and what is going right when there are no incidents (the Safety II framework). Research in Safety Science has moved to utilizing both approaches to create optimal operation of any program. Along with these frameworks we’ll focus on Rasmussen’s System Thinking approach that analyzes both Safety I and Safety II through the lens of Contributing Factor and Mitigating Factor causal taxonomies. Participants will build graphical accident causation models (Accimaps), accident prevention models (Preventimaps) and apply these principles through case studies and small group collaboration.
Workshop Materials & Downloads:
- Presentation PowerPoint (PDF)
- Tenth Anniversary of the Mangatepopo Tragedy, – Lessons Learned
- Articles on the Mangatepopo Tragedy: New Zealand Outdoor Instructors Association (NZOIA) Quarterly – Vol. 54 December 2010
- Sample Taxonomy with Contributing Factors/Actors (PNG)
- Accimap Jamboard Template (with responses)
Key Literature:
- Sample AcciMap/PreventiMap Template PDF
- Risk Management in a Dynamic Society: A modeling problem – Jens Rasmussen (1997)
- From Safety-I to Safety-II: A White Paper – Hollnagel E; Wears RL; Braithwaite J. (2015)
Other Resources:
- 1.5.5 Safety I vs Safety II – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WM0LVv9NrhM
- Doing Safety Differently – Sydney Dekker: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6gREMV6j2A4
- Safety II & Safety II – Erik Hoffnagel: https://vimeo.com/channels/1366431/89492241
- Perceiving what cannot be seen” ‐ the practical side of Safety ‐ II – Erik Hollnagel: https://vimeo.com/159498494
- A story of Safety II – Jeffrey Braithwaite: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gauR843rRNk
- Safety Differently | The Movie: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=moh4QN4IAPg
- Sidney Dekker — Safety Differently Lecture: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oMtLS0FNDZs
- Sidney Dekker — Just Culture short course 1: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PVWjgqDANWA
- The New View of Safety with Todd Conklin: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IoYUQlWiRgc
- Dr. Todd Conklin speech “Risk Analysis is Fixed in Time – But Hazards Ebb and Flow: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X211fU39808
- Guidelines for AcciMap Analysis: https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/20987/2/01_Branford_Guidelines_for_ACCIMAP_2009.pdf
- Webinar: An Introduction to “New Safety” (HOP, Safety II, and Safety Differently): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zqZVGaFIhyw
- FAA Safety Management Systems (SMS) Fundamentals: Policy: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j8N0PZx5YwM
- FAA Safety Management Systems (SMS) Fundamentals: Safety Risk Management Component: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b6dwxQ3oEAE
- Mangatepopo canyoning tragedy a decade on: ‘I know they would be loving every minute of life’: https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=12032068
- In a Flash TV Movie: https://www.tvnz.co.nz/shows/in-a-flash/episodes/s1-e1
- BBC NASA Challenger Disaster: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=reM5fTo-6PI
- Challenger Disaster Governmental Report: https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GPO-CRPT-99hrpt1016/pdf/GPO-CRPT-99hrpt1016.pdf
- A Review of Accident Modelling Approaches for Complex Critical Sociotechnical Systems: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/A-Review-of-Accident-Modelling-Approaches-for-Qureshi/c3a597212068c27be45d84dec76e86baabd4cf90